ANTICONVULSANT AND SUB-CHRONIC TOXICITY STUDIES OF THE METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF DIOSPYROS MESPILIFORMIS HOCHST (EBENACEAE) IN LABORATORY ANIMALS
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ABSTRACT
Diospyros mespiliformis hochst (Ebenaceae) known in English as ebony is a plant that is found throughout West Africa. The Plant was reported to have wide ethnomedical application notably in fever, whooping cough, wounds, pneumonia, syphilis, leprosy and epilepsy among others. This study examined the anticonvulsant activity of its methanol leaf extract in mice and day old chicks against pentylenetetrazole, maximal electroshock, strychnine and 4 amino pyridine induced seizure tests. Valproic acid, phenytoin and phenobarbitone respectively were used as reference anticonvulsant drugs for comparison. The sub-chronic toxicity studies was also carried out in rats to determine the effect of twenty eight days p.o.(per oral) administration of the methanol leaf extract of D.mespiliformis on renal and hepatic function parameters followed by histopathological examination. The extract at i.p.(intraperitoneal) doses of 50, 100 and 200mg/kg protected the mice (50%, 66.67% and 66.67%) against pentylenetetrazole induced seizures respectively the mean onset of seizure was however not significantly increased when compared with the negative control at P5000 mg/kg p.o. in both rats and mice. While in chicks, the value was found to be >5000 mg/kg intraperitoneally. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, and combined anthracene type of anthraquinones. These results suggests that D.mespiliformis leaf extract posses biologically active phytoconstituents that have anticonvulsant activity and are hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic at higher doses.
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